PSE Mark for Imported Electrical Products — Importer Notifications, Labeling and Sales Restrictions

What Is the PSE Mark?

The PSE Mark is a statutory safety label displayed on Electrical Appliances and Materials subject to the Electrical Appliances and Materials Safety Act by a Notified Business Operator that has fulfilled the applicable obligations, including business notification, confirmation of conformity to technical standards, self-inspection, retention of inspection records, and, where required, conformity assessment.

According to the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI), the "P" and "S" in PSE stand for "Product Safety," while "E" refers to "Electrical Appliances & Materials." The official English name of the Act is Electrical Appliances and Materials Safety Act.

The PSE Mark is not a certification logo issued by the government after inspecting every individual product. Manufacturers and importers must determine the applicable product category, confirm conformity to technical standards, conduct self-inspections and any required conformity assessment, and manage labeling and record retention under their own responsibility.

For imported goods, even if the overseas manufacturer claims conformity with CE marking, UL certification, or other international standards, this does not mean that the product satisfies the obligations under Japan's Electrical Appliances and Materials Safety Act.

Moreover, obtaining an Import Permit does not automatically grant the right to sell the product within Japan. Even after customs clearance, if requirements regarding the PSE Mark, the name of the Notified Business Operator, the required registered conformity assessment body indication, rating labels, and other criteria are not met, sales or display for sales purposes may be restricted.

Scope Covered in This Article

Item	Contents Covered in This Article	Contents Covered in Other Articles
Basics of the PSE Mark	Legal status, sales restrictions, and practical implications for import and sales	The overall legal framework under the Electrical Appliances and Materials Safety Act
Classification of PSE Marks	Differences between the Diamond PSE Mark and the Round PSE Mark	Specific technical standards and testing methods are covered in product-specific articles
Applicable Electrical Appliances and Materials	Basic structure of 116 categories of Specified Electrical Appliances and Materials and 341 categories of Electrical Appliances and Materials Other than Specified Electrical Appliances and Materials	Detailed interpretation of applicability for each product is covered in product-specific articles
Accessories	Verification of AC adapters, power cords, chargers, batteries, and other included items	Transport regulations for lithium-ion batteries are covered under hazardous materials and chemical transport regulations
Obligations of Importers	Business notification, compliance with technical standards, self-inspection, conformity assessment, labeling, and record retention	Preparation of import declarations is covered in customs documentation and pre-clearance verification
Direct Overseas Sales	Specified Import Business Operators, Domestic Responsible Persons, and cross-border e-commerce confirmation points	Initiatives of online marketplaces are covered under product safety pledges
Relationship with Other Systems	Differences from the PSC Mark, Technical Conformity Mark (Giteki Mark), certifications under the Telecommunications Business Act, and ST Mark	Details of each system are covered in their respective explanatory articles
Post-Sales Responses	Accident reports, sales suspension, product recalls, and administrative measures	Serious product accident reporting and recall procedures are covered in separate articles
Roles of Logistics Stakeholders	Scope of confirmation for freight forwarders, customs brokers, and warehouse operators	Liability of customs brokers is covered in customs liability and E&O case studies

Purpose and Background of the PSE Mark System

Electrical products may cause accidents such as electric shock, smoke emission, ignition, leakage current, abnormal heating, or rupture due to their use, structure, materials, or power-supply abnormalities.

The Electrical Appliances and Materials Safety Act regulates the manufacture, import, and sale of electrical products, promotes voluntary safety assurance by private businesses, and aims to prevent hazards and injuries caused by Electrical Appliances and Materials.

Electrical products subject to the Electrical Appliances and Materials Safety Act are specified by government ordinance. As of July 2026, a total of 457 categories are designated, including 116 categories of Specified Electrical Appliances and Materials and 341 categories of Electrical Appliances and Materials Other than Specified Electrical Appliances and Materials.

Among these, electrical products assessed to have a particularly high risk of causing hazards or injuries due to their structure or use are classified as Specified Electrical Appliances and Materials.

For Specified Electrical Appliances and Materials, in addition to self-inspection by Notified Business Operators, conformity assessment by a registered conformity assessment body must be conducted, and a certificate of conformity must be retained.

Differences Between the Diamond PSE Mark and the Round PSE Mark

Category	Applicable Products	Main Procedures	Basic Display Requirements	Practical Notes
Diamond PSE Mark	116 categories of Specified Electrical Appliances and Materials	Business notification, confirmation of conformity to technical standards, self-inspection, conformity assessment by a registered conformity assessment body, and retention of the certificate of conformity	Diamond PSE Mark, name of the Notified Business Operator, name, abbreviation, or approved symbol of the registered conformity assessment body, rating information, and other required indications	Before import, confirm the applicable models, manufacturing facilities, scope of the conformity assessment, certificate validity, required period, and costs
Round PSE Mark	341 categories of Electrical Appliances and Materials Other than Specified Electrical Appliances and Materials	Business notification, confirmation of conformity to technical standards, self-inspection, and creation and retention of inspection records	Round PSE Mark, name of the Notified Business Operator, rating information, and other required indications	Even though conformity assessment by a registered conformity assessment body is not required, self-inspection and record retention remain mandatory

The difference between the diamond and round forms is not merely a design distinction. Displaying the Diamond PSE Mark on a product that requires the Round PSE Mark, or displaying the Round PSE Mark on a product classified within Specified Electrical Appliances and Materials, does not constitute lawful marking.

Furthermore, simply printing the correct PSE Mark does not satisfy the obligations concerning business notification, conformity to technical standards, self-inspection, conformity assessment, record retention, or other requirements.

Main Electrical Products Subject to Regulation

Category	Main Examples	Basic Mark	Main Items to Check
Specified Electrical Appliances and Materials	Electric wires, cables, thermal fuses, plug connectors, outlets, and wiring devices	Diamond PSE Mark	Verify the type, rated voltage, rated current, structure, and materials used
Specified Electrical Appliances and Materials	Small single-phase transformers and DC power supplies	Diamond PSE Mark	Confirm whether an AC adapter falls within the category of a DC power supply
Specified Electrical Appliances and Materials	Electrically heated toys and electrically powered toys	Diamond PSE Mark	Check the toy's structure, power-supply type, target age, and other child-related regulations
Specified Electrical Appliances and Materials	Electric massagers, electric water heaters, and electric pumps	Diamond PSE Mark	Distinguish the commercial product name from the statutory product category and intended use
Specified Electrical Appliances and Materials	Portable generators	Diamond PSE Mark	Confirm the rating, output, structure, and statutory scope
Electrical Appliances and Materials Other than Specified Electrical Appliances and Materials	Electric refrigerators, electric washing machines, vacuum cleaners, and fans	Round PSE Mark	Check product marking, rating information, self-inspection, and record retention
Electrical Appliances and Materials Other than Specified Electrical Appliances and Materials	Electric heaters, electric kotatsu, electric irons, and electric rice cookers	Round PSE Mark	Verify heating elements, temperature controls, and safety requirements during use
Electrical Appliances and Materials Other than Specified Electrical Appliances and Materials	Television receivers, audio equipment, electric lamps, LED lamps, and LED lighting fixtures	Round PSE Mark	Check not only the main product but also its power supply and power cord
Electrical Appliances and Materials Other than Specified Electrical Appliances and Materials	Electric shavers, electric toothbrushes, and other household electric devices	Round PSE Mark	Check chargers, AC adapters, and built-in rechargeable batteries separately
Electrical Appliances and Materials Other than Specified Electrical Appliances and Materials	Lithium-ion batteries that meet the statutory definition and scope	Round PSE Mark	Confirm the cell or battery-pack structure, intended use, capacity, energy density, and other applicable conditions

Whether a product is subject to regulation cannot be determined solely by a product category used on an e-commerce site or by a common commercial name. It is necessary to verify the statutory product category, rated voltage, rated current, frequency, structure, intended use, and power-supply type.

Not all products that use electricity fall within the PSE system. However, even if the main product is outside the scope, an included AC adapter, charger, power cord, plug, or lithium-ion battery may still be regulated.

Main Criteria for Determining Whether an Item Is Subject to Regulation

Criterion	What to Check	Main Documents	Notes
Power-Supply Type	Whether the product connects directly to AC power or operates solely on DC power	Circuit diagrams, specifications, and instruction manuals	Even if the DC-powered main product is outside the scope, the accompanying AC adapter must be assessed separately
Rated Voltage	Whether the rated voltage falls within the applicable statutory range	Nameplate, design specifications, and test reports	Do not confuse the input-side rating with the output-side rating
Intended Use	Whether the product is intended for household, commercial, industrial, or other use	Product descriptions, catalogs, and design documents	Simply labeling a product as being for commercial use does not automatically place it outside the Act
Construction	Whether the product uses electrical heating, motors, lighting, electronic applications, power conversion, or another regulated structure	Drawings, parts lists, and circuit diagrams	Products with similar external appearances may be classified differently because of their internal structures
Accessories	Whether AC adapters, power cords, plugs, chargers, or batteries are included	Packing lists, set-configuration sheets, and product photographs	Do not treat the main product and all accessories as a single category without individual assessment
Sales Format	Whether the item is sold as a finished product, component, repair item, set, or standalone product	Sales pages, invoices, and packaging specifications	Verification requirements may vary according to the sales format and intended use
Product Changes	Whether materials, circuits, manufacturing facilities, parts, or model numbers have changed	Change notifications, revised drawings, and test data	Do not automatically apply a certificate for an earlier model to a modified product

Verification of Included AC Adapters, Power Cords, and Rechargeable Batteries

In import-sales practice, an included AC adapter, charger, power cord, plug, or lithium-ion rechargeable battery may be subject to PSE requirements even when the main product is not.

For small household appliances, communication devices, toys, LED equipment, measuring instruments, miscellaneous goods, and gadgets manufactured overseas, the main unit may operate on low-voltage DC power and fall outside the scope of the Electrical Appliances and Materials Safety Act, while the included AC adapter may fall within Specified Electrical Appliances and Materials as a DC power supply.

Component	Possibility of Being Subject	Main Points to Confirm	Common Oversights
Main Product	May be subject if it falls within a statutory product category and scope	Power-supply type, ratings, intended use, and structure	Assuming that every product using electricity is automatically subject
AC Adapter	May fall within Specified Electrical Appliances and Materials as a DC power supply	Input and output ratings, model, certificate of conformity, manufacturing facility, and Diamond PSE Mark	Checking only the main product's test data and overlooking the adapter
Power Cord	May be subject as an electric wire, cord, plug, or wiring device	Markings, ratings, construction, and plug configuration	Including an overseas power cord without confirming its suitability for Japan
Charger	May fall within a DC power-supply category or another regulated category depending on its structure	Input, output, charging control, and included cord	Assuming that a USB connection automatically makes the charger exempt
Lithium-Ion Rechargeable Battery	May be subject if it meets the statutory definition and applicable conditions	Cell or battery-pack construction, intended use, capacity, and energy density	Treating every rechargeable battery as either subject or exempt without checking the statutory conditions
Mobile Battery	May be subject as a lithium-ion rechargeable battery	Cell configuration, charge-discharge control, markings, and importer documentation	Treating the product only as a smartphone accessory or miscellaneous item
Replacement Part	May be treated as an Electrical Appliance or Material when sold separately	Sales method, intended use, and standalone function	Omitting verification solely because the item is used as a component of a finished product

Importers and sellers should therefore assess the main product, AC adapter, power cord, charger, rechargeable battery, and every other included item separately.

Recent Regulatory Changes, Enforcement Dates, and Transitional Measures

Date or Category	Main Change or Confirmation	Practical Impact	Required Action
December 25, 2025	Overseas businesses selling applicable products directly to consumers in Japan became regulated as Specified Import Business Operators	Overseas businesses must appoint a Domestic Responsible Person, submit notifications, ensure conformity to technical standards, conduct self-inspections, and apply the required markings	Identify the responsible entities in cross-border e-commerce, direct overseas shipments, and online-marketplace sales
June 1, 2026	The interpretation of the Ministerial Order providing technical standards for Electrical Appliances and Materials was partially revised	The applicable technical standards, harmonized standards, or methods of demonstrating conformity may need to be reconfirmed	Do not rely only on older test reports or former interpretations; compare them with the current requirements
June 1, 2026	A manual concerning self-declaration of conformity based on risk assessment was published	The change may affect the preparation and retention of technical materials demonstrating conformity	Confirm the applicability of the method and the required documentation for each product
When Applicable Products Are Added or Changed	Amendments to government ordinances may change the list or scope of regulated products	A product previously outside the scope may become newly regulated	Check the latest product categories both when ordering and before commencing sales
When Technical Standards or Interpretations Change	An amendment may specify an effective date, applicability period, and transitional measures	Inventory tested under former standards or existing product models may require separate treatment	Confirm supplementary provisions, official notices, transitional measures, and the scope of existing certificates

Even when transitional measures are provided, this does not necessarily mean that all older products may be sold unconditionally until the deadline. The manufacturing date, import date, model, applicable standard, certificate, and inventory lot must be identified and checked against the conditions of the relevant amendment.

Main Situations Where the PSE Mark System Applies

Situation	Relation to the System	Main Responsible Party	Key Points for Confirmation
Importing Electrical Appliances and Materials manufactured overseas for domestic sale	Business notification, conformity confirmation, inspection, record retention, and marking obligations apply to the importer	Importer and seller	Applicable product category, classification, technical standards, marking, and inspection records
Manufacturing and selling Electrical Appliances and Materials in Japan	Obligations of a domestic manufacturer apply	Domestic manufacturer	Design, manufacturing process, inspection, marking, and change management
Importing a product with an AC adapter	The main product and AC adapter must be assessed separately	Importer and seller	Whether the adapter is a DC power supply, its certificate of conformity, and Diamond PSE Mark requirements
Selling through an e-commerce marketplace	The actual product marking and submitted compliance documents must be consistent	Seller and sales business operator	Business notification, inspection records, product images, and actual markings
Providing products through crowdfunding	The substantive sale or supply relationship must be examined even if the transaction is described as support or a reward	Project organizer, importer, and seller	Importing entity, delivery date, quantity, and PSE compliance
An overseas business sells directly to consumers in Japan	The Specified Import Business Operator and Domestic Responsible Person requirements may apply	Overseas seller and Domestic Responsible Person	Business notification, appointment of the Domestic Responsible Person, technical standards, and accident-response system
Selling used Electrical Appliances and Materials	Marking and sales restrictions may still apply to used products	Used-goods seller	Manufacturing date, former markings, transitional measures, and product condition
Applying labels in a domestic warehouse after import	All required procedures and markings must be completed before sale	Importer, seller, and warehouse operator	Marking authority, work instructions, lot control, and reinspection
Changing product specifications or manufacturing facilities	The continued use of existing tests and certificates must be assessed	Notified Business Operator, manufacturer, and registered conformity assessment body	Scope of the change, retesting, and whether a new conformity assessment is required

Application Requirements for Displaying the PSE Mark

Requirement	Verification Content	Main Documents	Notes
Determination of Applicable Products	Whether the product falls within a statutory product category and scope	Specifications, circuit diagrams, drawings, and rating information	Do not make the determination solely from the product name or HS code
Business Notification	Whether the required notification for commencing a manufacturing or import business has been submitted	Business notification form and submission records	Confirm the requirements when adding or changing product categories or succeeding to a business
Conformity to Technical Standards	Whether the product conforms to the current technical standards	Test reports, design information, and parts lists	Do not conclude that the Japanese standards are satisfied solely from overseas certifications
Conformity Assessment	Whether a product within Specified Electrical Appliances and Materials has undergone conformity assessment by a registered conformity assessment body	Certificate of conformity and conformity-assessment application	Confirm the applicable model, manufacturing facility, and scope of the certificate
Self-Inspection	Whether the required statutory self-inspection has been conducted	Inspection procedures, inspection records, and lot records	Do not confuse type testing with the required self-inspection of manufactured or imported products
Retention of Inspection Records	Whether inspection records containing the required information are retained	Inspection ledgers, electronic records, and manufacturing or import records	Ensure that the relevant product lot can be traced if an accident occurs
PSE Marking	Whether the correct PSE Mark and the name of the Notified Business Operator are displayed	Product photographs, label specifications, and inspection records	Do not confuse the overseas manufacturer's name with the Notified Business Operator's name
Rating Information	Whether rated voltage, current, frequency, power consumption, and other required information are appropriate	Nameplate, specifications, and test materials	Ensure that the actual product and sales page display consistent ratings
Post-Sale Management	Whether accident information, complaints, product lots, and sales destinations can be traced	Sales ledgers, customer records, and accident-response procedures	Safety-management obligations continue after the PSE Mark has been applied

Excluded Cases, Exceptions, and Situations Requiring Individual Confirmation

Situation	Basic Approach	Necessary Confirmation	Points of Caution
Products outside the statutory categories	A product is outside the PSE system if it does not fall within the definitions and scope of the designated product categories	Intended use, structure, ratings, and power-supply method	Do not determine exclusion solely from the product name
Main products operating only on low-voltage DC power	The main product may be outside the scope	Input power, circuitry, and accessories	Included AC adapters or chargers must be assessed separately
Products imported by individuals for personal use	Personal import differs from commercial import and sale, but repeated imports or resale may change the assessment	Quantity, frequency, intended sale, and identity of the importer	A personally imported product cannot necessarily be resold without further compliance
Products exclusively for export	Different treatment may apply when products will not be sold domestically	Export destination, domestic distribution, and required procedures	Separate confirmation is necessary if any products are distributed in Japan
Imports for testing or evaluation	Treatment may differ from that for ordinary commercial imports	Quantity, purpose, intended sale, and return or disposal method	Sample customs clearance does not establish the legality of later commercial sales
Products labeled for professional or industrial use	A product is not automatically excluded merely because it is not marketed to general consumers	Intended use, installation location, user, structure, and statutory definition	Do not attempt to avoid regulation solely by changing the sales description
Repair or built-in parts	The applicable treatment may differ depending on whether the item is sold separately or incorporated into a finished product	Sales method, function, intended use, and supply destination	Do not treat every item described as a part as automatically exempt
Used Electrical Appliances and Materials	Manufacturing date, former markings, transitional measures, and current product condition must be confirmed	Manufacturing year, PSE Mark, former markings, and product condition	A used product is not automatically permitted to be sold without the required marking

Differences Between the PSE Mark, PSC Mark, and Other Marks and Systems

Mark or System	Governing Law and Nature	Main Targets	Main Checks	Relationship to PSE
PSE Mark	Statutory marking under the Electrical Appliances and Materials Safety Act	457 designated categories of Electrical Appliances and Materials	Business notification, conformity to technical standards, self-inspection, conformity assessment, record retention, and marking	Regulates the safety of designated Electrical Appliances and Materials
PSC Mark	Statutory marking under the Consumer Product Safety Act	Lighters, riding helmets, pressure cookers, specified children's products, and other designated products	Technical standards, inspection, and marking according to the product category	May apply to non-electrical products and is governed by a different statute
Technical Conformity Mark (Giteki Mark)	Technical-standards conformity certification under the Radio Act	Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, LTE, and other radio equipment	Radio-equipment technical standards, certification number, and conditions of use	Must be checked separately for Electrical Appliances and Materials with wireless functions
Technical Standards Conformity Approval under the Telecommunications Business Act	Approval or certification of terminal equipment under the Telecommunications Business Act	Telephones, modems, communication terminals, and network-connection devices	Terminal-equipment technical standards and required indication	Must be checked separately from PSE and the Giteki Mark
ST Mark	Voluntary mark based on toy-safety standards	Toys	Inspection under standards administered by the relevant organization	Does not replace mandatory PSE or PSC obligations
Food Sanitation Act Requirements	Statutory requirements under the Food Sanitation Act	Certain toys that may come into contact with an infant's mouth	Materials, migration of substances, and applicability to regulated toys	May apply concurrently to an electric toy

For example, an electric toy equipped with wireless functions may require confirmation under the PSE system, PSC system, Radio Act, Telecommunications Business Act, Food Sanitation Act, target-age labeling requirements, and other applicable regulations.

Obligation Flow for Importers and Sellers

1. Determine the product's intended use, structure, ratings, and power-supply method.
2. Confirm whether the main product falls within the Electrical Appliances and Materials Safety Act.
3. Identify the statutory product category.
4. Confirm whether the product falls within Specified Electrical Appliances and Materials or Electrical Appliances and Materials Other than Specified Electrical Appliances and Materials.
5. Assess AC adapters, chargers, power cords, plugs, and rechargeable batteries individually.
6. Identify the domestic importer or Specified Import Business Operator responsible for compliance.
7. Submit the required business notification.
8. Obtain design documentation, circuit diagrams, parts lists, and test data from the overseas manufacturer.
9. Confirm conformity to the current Japanese technical standards.
10. For Specified Electrical Appliances and Materials, undergo conformity assessment by a registered conformity assessment body.
11. Confirm the model, manufacturing facility, and scope covered by the certificate of conformity.
12. Conduct self-inspections and create and retain inspection records.
13. Apply the correct PSE Mark and display the Notified Business Operator's name, the required registered conformity assessment body indication, ratings, and other required information.
14. Cross-check the main product, accessories, packaging, instruction manual, and sales page.
15. Conduct pre-sale inspections and ensure that the model and lot can be identified.
16. Establish systems for collecting accident information, responding to inquiries, conducting recalls, and making required reports after sale.

Even when purchasing a product bearing a PSE Mark from an overseas manufacturer, the domestic importer must not rely solely on the marking applied by the overseas manufacturer. The importer must verify its own business notification, technical documentation, inspections, marking responsibility, and record-retention obligations.

Documents to Obtain Before Import

Document	Purpose of Confirmation	Contents to Confirm	Action if Incomplete
Product Specification Sheet	Confirm the product category and ratings	Intended use, structure, input, output, frequency, and power consumption	Request official model-specific specifications from the manufacturer
Circuit Diagram	Confirm the electrical structure	Power circuits, protective circuits, insulation, and grounding	Use a confidentiality agreement or another arrangement to obtain the necessary information
Parts List	Identify safety-critical parts and control changes	Power components, fuses, cords, batteries, and other critical components	Identify and document the specifications of safety-critical parts
Test Report	Confirm conformity to technical standards	Test standard, test items, model, testing laboratory, and test date	Identify differences from Japanese standards and arrange additional testing where necessary
Certificate of Conformity	Confirm conformity assessment for Specified Electrical Appliances and Materials	Registered conformity assessment body, model, manufacturing facility, and certificate scope	Verify the certificate's validity and scope with the registered conformity assessment body
Self-Inspection Procedure	Confirm the importer's statutory inspection system	Inspection items, inspection units, acceptance criteria, and responsible personnel	Establish an inspection process corresponding to the imported product or lot
Draft Marking	Confirm statutory marking	PSE Mark, Notified Business Operator's name, registered conformity assessment body indication, and ratings	Finalize the marking for the Japanese market before mass production
Set-Configuration List	Confirm all included accessories	Main product, AC adapter, cord, charger, battery, and other components	Confirm the PSE requirements for every included item
Manufacturing and Import Lot Documents	Ensure traceability and support accident response	Manufacturing date, import date, quantity, model, and manufacturing facility	Implement reliable lot-number and inventory-management methods

Points to Confirm on the Marking

• Whether the Diamond PSE Mark or Round PSE Mark is required
• Whether the name of the Notified Business Operator is displayed correctly
• For Specified Electrical Appliances and Materials, whether the required name, abbreviation, or approved symbol of the registered conformity assessment body is displayed
• Whether rated voltage, rated current, rated frequency, power consumption, and other required information are displayed
• Whether the main product, AC adapter, power cord, charger, and battery have each been checked separately
• Whether the markings are visible and applied by a durable method
• Whether the Notified Business Operator's name is distinguished from the overseas manufacturer's name and brand name
• Whether the product, packaging, instruction manual, and sales page are consistent
• Whether required Japanese warnings, cautions, and conditions of use are provided
• Whether inventory with different models or markings is properly separated

Even where a PSE Mark is present, the marking may not be legally sufficient if the Notified Business Operator's name, the required registered conformity assessment body indication, ratings, or other required information is missing or incorrect.

Points Freight Forwarders Should Confirm

Freight forwarders are generally not responsible for making the final determination as to whether goods fall within the Electrical Appliances and Materials Safety Act or for guaranteeing conformity to technical standards.

However, where the cargo description, intended use, power-supply type, included accessories, or sales plan indicates that the PSE system may apply, the freight forwarder should prompt the importer to confirm the requirements.

• Whether the cargo is an electrical product intended for sale in Japan
• Whether AC adapters, chargers, power cords, plugs, or rechargeable batteries are included
• Whether the cargo is a household appliance, LED device, electric toy, communication device, gadget, measuring instrument, or power tool
• Whether the importer has confirmed the applicable PSE product category and mark
• Whether domestic sales will begin immediately after customs clearance
• Whether marking, inspection, repacking, or replacement of the instruction manual is planned
• Whether the Technical Conformity Mark (Giteki Mark), Telecommunications Business Act, PSC system, Food Sanitation Act, Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Act, or another regulation may also apply

Prompting the importer to confirm compliance does not transfer the legal obligations of the importer or seller to the freight forwarder.

Comparison of Freight Forwarder Involvement Scope

The Standard Five Classifications used in this article are not established by law or industry-wide consensus. They serve as an analytical framework within this series to clarify the scope of freight forwarder involvement.

Classification	Main Involvement in PSE Practice	Typical Items Confirmed	Judgments Generally Not Included
Simple Intermediary	Assistance with transport booking, communication, and document exchange	Product name, importer, planned sales, and availability of required documents	Final determination of PSE applicability or guarantee of conformity to technical standards
Cargo Transportation Service Provider	Provision of transport services and arrangement of related service providers	Transport schedule, inspection location, marking-work location, and cargo-handling conditions	Assumption of the importer's notification, inspection, marking, or record-retention obligations
NVOCC / House B/L Issuer	Undertaking maritime or multimodal transport as a contractual transport service provider	Transport documents, cargo information, and the party responsible for regulatory confirmation	Product-safety compliance responsibility based solely on issuance of a House B/L
Door-to-Door Single Contractor	Integrated coordination of logistics processes from collection to final delivery	Inspection, marking, warehouse operations, delivery conditions, and effects of delays	Legal determinations or product-certification guarantees not included in the contract
Agent/Coordinator for Specific Operations	Individual coordination of inspection appointments, label application, warehouse work, and other assigned operations	Assigned work, work instructions, and completion records	Notifications, testing, or sales-eligibility judgments outside the delegated scope

Contracting Carrier and Actual Carrier are legal or contractual status concepts and do not replace the Standard Five Classifications used in this article.

Practical operations such as inspection, label application, storage, repacking, and inland delivery do not by themselves constitute a sixth classification. The actual scope of responsibility must be determined from the contract, quotation terms, work instructions, applicable clauses, and actual conduct of the parties.

Items Customs Brokers Should Verify

• Whether the invoice description and product documentation indicate that the cargo may fall within the PSE system
• Whether the shipment includes AC adapters, power cords, chargers, or rechargeable batteries in addition to the main product
• Whether the intended use, structure, ratings, and power-supply method must be checked in addition to the HS code
• Whether the importer repeatedly imports the goods for commercial sale
• Whether the importer has confirmed the notification, conformity, inspection, marking, and record-retention requirements under the Electrical Appliances and Materials Safety Act
• Whether the Technical Conformity Mark (Giteki Mark), Telecommunications Business Act, PSC system, Food Sanitation Act, Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Act, or another regulation may also apply
• Whether inspection, marking, or repacking is planned after import
• Whether the importer is confusing an Import Permit with lawful eligibility for domestic sale

An Import Permit indicates that the import-declaration procedure under the Customs Act has been completed. It does not comprehensively establish compliance with domestic sales regulations, including the PSE Mark system.

Points Importers and Sellers Should Confirm

• Whether the product and each accessory fall within a regulated product category
• Whether the statutory product category, model, and applicable mark have been identified
• Whether the product falls within Specified Electrical Appliances and Materials or Electrical Appliances and Materials Other than Specified Electrical Appliances and Materials
• Whether the required business notification has been completed
• Whether technical documents demonstrate conformity to the current technical standards
• Whether the certificate of conformity for Specified Electrical Appliances and Materials is available and can be retained
• Whether the required self-inspection can be conducted and its records retained
• Whether the PSE Mark, Notified Business Operator's name, registered conformity assessment body indication, and ratings are correct
• Whether AC adapters, power cords, chargers, and rechargeable batteries have been assessed individually
• Whether specification, component, and manufacturing-facility changes are controlled
• Whether a system exists for accident reporting, sales suspension, withdrawal, and recall
• Whether the requirements have also been checked for e-commerce, crowdfunding, and direct overseas sales

A particularly serious risk is relying solely on a CE mark, UL certification, an overseas manufacturer's explanation, or an overseas e-commerce product page as the basis for concluding that a product may be sold lawfully in Japan.

Direct Sales by Overseas Business Operators

From December 25, 2025 onward, where an overseas business operator sells a PSE-regulated product directly to consumers in Japan through an online marketplace, its own e-commerce site, or another method without using a domestic importer, the Specified Import Business Operator requirements may apply.

A Specified Import Business Operator must appoint a Domestic Responsible Person in Japan and fulfill the applicable obligations, including business notification, confirmation of conformity to technical standards, self-inspection, any required conformity assessment, marking, record retention, and accident response.

Check Item	Overseas Business Operator	Domestic Responsible Person	Practical Notes
Business Notification	Prepare the information and documents required as a Specified Import Business Operator	Assist with notification procedures and communications with the authorities in Japan	A notification should not be submitted without the overseas business operator's authorization and supporting documents
Technical Standards	Provide design information, parts lists, test reports, and manufacturing information	Maintain a system in Japan for reviewing and retaining the relevant materials	The parties must be capable of responding to administrative inquiries in Japanese
Self-Inspection	Establish an inspection system corresponding to the products and production lots	Ensure that inspection records and related materials can be presented in Japan	Do not confuse overseas-factory quality control with statutory self-inspection
Marking	Apply the correct markings to products supplied to the Japanese market	Confirm the markings on products distributed in Japan	Product images on the overseas site must be consistent with the actual products sold in Japan
Accident Response	Provide accident information, manufacturing-lot information, and sales-destination data	Handle domestic communications, document submissions, recalls, and other necessary measures	The system must prevent loss of contact, inadequate records, and delays in safety measures

Shipping products directly from overseas, having no corporation in Japan, or receiving sales proceeds overseas does not automatically exclude the application of Japan's Electrical Appliances and Materials Safety Act.

Main Cases Where Customs Clearance Is Possible but Sale Is Prohibited

Case	Main Cause	Documents to Check	Key Point for Judgment	Initial Response
The main product is outside the scope, but the included AC adapter requires the Diamond PSE Mark	Only the main product was assessed and the set components were overlooked	Set-configuration list, adapter specifications, and certificate of conformity	Whether the adapter falls within the regulated DC power-supply category	Suspend sales and confirm the adapter's conformity and marking
A Round PSE Mark was displayed on a product within Specified Electrical Appliances and Materials	The statutory classification was misunderstood	Product-category list, specifications, and product photographs	Whether conformity assessment and the Diamond PSE Mark are required	Isolate the affected inventory and review the conformity and marking process
Only the overseas manufacturer's name is displayed	The requirement to display the Notified Business Operator's name was overlooked	Product nameplate, business notification, and sales page	Whether the Japanese Notified Business Operator is displayed correctly	Suspend sales and correct the marking before distribution
The manufacturing facility on the certificate differs from the facility that produced the goods	A change in manufacturing facility was not identified	Certificate of conformity, factory information, and manufacturing records	Whether the actual products fall within the certificate's scope	Consult the registered conformity assessment body and complete any required reassessment
Marking and technical documents for a mobile battery are insufficient	The product was treated only as a smartphone accessory	Battery specifications, test reports, marking photographs, and import records	Whether it is a regulated lithium-ion rechargeable battery	Suspend the listing and shipments and complete the applicability and conformity review
Only PSE compliance was checked for an appliance with Wi-Fi functionality	The Radio Act and telecommunications-terminal requirements were overlooked	Wireless specifications, certification documents, and circuit diagrams	Whether the Giteki Mark or Telecommunications Business Act requirements apply	Disable the wireless function or confirm and complete the required certification
A product imported as a sample was sold without further review	Import for testing was confused with general commercial sale	Import purpose, quantity, sales records, and test data	Whether all required obligations were fulfilled before sale	Suspend sales and complete the ordinary import-sales procedures
An overseas business operator ships directly to consumers in Japan	The Specified Import Business Operator requirements were not considered	Sales pages, delivery records, and Domestic Responsible Person documents	Whether the transaction constitutes direct sale to consumers in Japan	Stop new sales, appoint a Domestic Responsible Person, and establish the required notification and compliance system

Administrative Measures and Penalties

A violation of the Electrical Appliances and Materials Safety Act may not be resolved merely by correcting a label. Administrative or criminal measures may apply depending on the nature of the violation, level of danger, number of products sold, occurrence of accidents, and response of the business operator.

Measure	Main Applicable Situation	Impact on the Business Operator	Practical Response
Improvement Order	Obligations concerning conformity to technical standards, self-inspection, or record retention have not been properly fulfilled	The business operator may be required to improve its manufacturing, import, inspection, or other business processes	Identify the affected models and lots and prepare corrective and preventive measures
Prohibition of Marking	Violations concern technical standards, self-inspection, conformity assessment, or related obligations	The business operator may be prohibited from displaying the PSE Mark for a prescribed period of up to one year	Stop marking and sales and identify all affected products and inventory
Hazard Prevention Order	Measures are necessary to prevent the distribution of unmarked, nonconforming, or otherwise hazardous products	The business operator may be required to recall products, suspend sales, notify consumers, or take other safety measures	Trace sales destinations, isolate inventory, notify consumers, and establish a recall system
Request for Reports	The authority needs to verify compliance or investigate the cause of an accident	The business operator may be required to report on its operations, inspections, sales, or accident response	Preserve records without alteration and organize the facts chronologically
On-Site Inspection and Product Submission	The authority needs to inspect products, equipment, or records at a business office, warehouse, or store	Books, equipment, products, and inspection records may be examined	Identify the location of the relevant materials and the responsible personnel
Publication of Violation Information	Administrative action or a consumer warning is necessary	The business operator may suffer reputational damage, suspension of transactions, or removal of e-commerce listings	Establish a consistent factual account, identify the affected products, and create a consumer contact point
Criminal Penalties	Sales restrictions, marking prohibitions, or Hazard Prevention Orders have been violated	Imprisonment, a fine, or both may apply depending on the violation	Immediately stop sales and consult a specialist familiar with product-safety regulations

Where a product requiring the PSE Mark is sold or displayed for the purpose of sale without the required marking, or where an order prohibiting marking is violated, the applicable violation may be punishable by imprisonment for up to one year, a fine of up to one million yen, or both.

Other penalties may apply to violations involving business notification, self-inspection, record retention, reports, on-site inspections, or other statutory obligations. The applicable provision and penalty must be confirmed for the particular violation.

Relationship with Post-Sale Responses

Compliance with the PSE Mark requirements is not limited to confirming markings before sale.

After sale, an electrical product may exhibit smoke generation, ignition, electric shock, leakage current, abnormal heating, charging accidents, or swelling or rupture of a rechargeable battery.

Importers and sellers must be able to trace product models, manufacturing lots, import dates, sales destinations, accident reports, complaints, and communications with suppliers.

If an accident or defect is identified, it may be necessary to suspend sales, investigate the cause, report a serious product accident, warn consumers, repair or replace products, collect products, or conduct a recall.

Lawful display of the PSE Mark does not eliminate the responsibility to secure product safety and respond to accidents after sale.

Example 1: The Main Product Is Outside the Scope but the AC Adapter Requires the Diamond PSE Mark

Suppose an importer and seller brings a small USB-powered measuring device into Japan. Because the main product operates on low-voltage DC power, the person responsible concludes that the main product itself is outside the PSE system.

However, the sales set includes an AC adapter that connects to a Japanese household outlet. If the AC adapter falls within the statutory category of a DC power supply, it is included within Specified Electrical Appliances and Materials and requires the Diamond PSE Mark.

The importer must confirm the adapter's input and output ratings, model, manufacturing facility, certificate of conformity issued following conformity assessment by a registered conformity assessment body, business notification, self-inspection records, and marking.

Even where the main product is outside the scope, the set may not be sold lawfully if the AC adapter does not satisfy the applicable requirements. Sales should be suspended until a compliant adapter is used or the necessary procedures have been completed.

Example 2: Multiple Regulations Apply to an Electric Toy with Wi-Fi Functionality

Consider a children's toy that uses a household outlet or AC adapter and is equipped with Wi-Fi functionality.

The importer must first determine the PSE categories applicable to the main product, AC adapter, and power cord. The Wi-Fi function must then be checked under the Radio Act, including the Technical Conformity Mark (Giteki Mark) requirements.

Depending on the toy's target age, structure, and intended use, the PSC system, Food Sanitation Act requirements, target-age indications, warning labels, and other child-product regulations may also apply.

Confirmation of the PSE Mark alone does not establish compliance with wireless-equipment or child-product regulations. The scope, responsible party, test documents, and markings must be confirmed separately for each regulatory system.

Example 3: Marking and Inspection Documents for a Mobile Battery Are Insufficient

An importer and seller intends to sell mobile batteries purchased through an overseas e-commerce site on a Japanese online marketplace. The marketplace operator requests PSE-related documents.

Although the product appears to bear a Round PSE Mark, the Notified Business Operator's name, inspection records, and technical documents cannot be confirmed.

The importer must determine whether the product is a lithium-ion rechargeable battery within the statutory scope, who submitted the business notification, whether conformity to technical standards can be demonstrated, and whether the required self-inspection records are retained.

The importer and seller cannot omit these obligations merely because the overseas manufacturer applied what appears to be a PSE Mark. The listing and shipment should be suspended, the affected lots isolated, and the conformity documents verified.

Example 4: An Overseas Business Sells PSE-Regulated Products Directly to Consumers in Japan

Suppose an overseas manufacturer operates a Japanese-language e-commerce site, receives orders from consumers in Japan, and ships electrical products with AC adapters directly from an overseas warehouse.

From December 25, 2025 onward, if the transaction constitutes direct sale to consumers in Japan, the overseas business must confirm its obligations as a Specified Import Business Operator and appoint a Domestic Responsible Person.

The Domestic Responsible Person is not merely a nominal representative. The person must be able to communicate with the authorities, retain the required records, respond to requests for reports and inspections, collect accident information, and support recalls and other safety measures in Japan.

The respective roles of the overseas business operator, Domestic Responsible Person, logistics provider, and e-commerce marketplace operator must be distinguished. Responsibility for business notification, conformity to technical standards, self-inspection, marking, record retention, and accident response must be allocated clearly.

Common Misunderstandings

Misunderstanding	Actual Understanding	Practical Considerations
An electrical product that has received an Import Permit may be sold in Japan without further checks	An Import Permit and compliance with domestic sales regulations are separate matters	Confirm business notification, inspection, marking, and record retention before commencing sales
Attaching a PSE Mark sticker is sufficient	Only a Notified Business Operator that has fulfilled the applicable obligations may display the mark	Prepare and verify the technical documents and inspection records supporting the marking before applying it
A CE mark or UL certification eliminates the need for PSE compliance	Conformity to overseas standards and compliance with Japan's Electrical Appliances and Materials Safety Act are separate matters	Identify and address differences from the current Japanese technical standards
All USB-powered products are outside the PSE system	Even if the main product is outside the scope, an AC adapter, charger, or battery may be regulated	Assess every component included in the set separately
No inspection is required for products bearing the Round PSE Mark	Although conformity assessment by a registered conformity assessment body is not required, self-inspection is still mandatory	Create and retain the required self-inspection records
A PSE Mark applied by an overseas manufacturer is sufficient	The obligations and marking responsibility of the Japanese Notified Business Operator must be confirmed	Do not confuse the overseas manufacturer's name with the Notified Business Operator's name
A product imported as a sample may automatically be sold commercially	Import for testing and supply to general consumers are assessed separately	Complete the ordinary commercial-sale obligations before offering the product for sale
Labeling a product for business use places it outside the Act	Applicability is determined from the statutory definition, structure, and intended use	Do not determine exclusion solely from the sales description
Used products are outside the PSE system	Sales restrictions and marking requirements may still apply to used products	Confirm the manufacturing date, former marking, transitional measures, and product condition
A product bearing the PSE Mark does not require the Giteki Mark	The PSE system and Radio Act regulate different risks and requirements	Check the Radio Act separately for products with wireless functions
The Electrical Appliances and Materials Safety Act does not apply to products shipped directly from overseas	The Specified Import Business Operator requirements may apply to direct sales to consumers in Japan	Appoint a Domestic Responsible Person and establish notification and post-sale response systems
A freight forwarder that handled the transport bears responsibility for PSE compliance	The statutory obligations of the importer or seller are generally separate from the freight forwarder's logistics duties	Confirm the contract, delegated work, and actual scope of involvement

Decision Checklist

Check Point	Party to Confirm With	Items to Confirm	Actions if Issues Are Found
During Product Planning	Product-planning staff and manufacturer	Intended use, structure, power-supply type, ratings, and sales method	Place the order on hold until the applicable product category is resolved
Before Ordering	Overseas manufacturer and testing body	Specifications, circuit diagrams, parts list, and test reports	Identify missing documents and additional testing requirements
When Determining the Set Configuration	Manufacturer and product manager	Main product, AC adapter, power cord, charger, and battery	Reconfirm the PSE requirements for every component
When Identifying the Importer	Importer, seller, and regulatory-affairs staff	Entity responsible for notification, inspection, marking, and record retention	Do not begin importing until the responsible entity has been identified
Before Conformity Assessment	Registered conformity assessment body and manufacturer	Applicable model, manufacturing facility, assessment scope, and required documents	Confirm the certificate scope before mass production and shipment
Before Shipment	Manufacturer and freight forwarder	Product markings, accessories, model, lot, and quantity	Stop shipment of incorrectly marked or unconfirmed products
Before Import Declaration	Importer and customs broker	Product name, intended use, other regulations, planned sales, and accessories	Obtain the additional documents required for regulatory confirmation
After Customs Clearance	Importer and warehouse operator	Self-inspection, marking, reinspection, and inventory segregation	Separate saleable products from products whose compliance has not been confirmed
When Creating the Sales Page	Sales staff and regulatory-affairs staff	Actual product marking, ratings, product images, and descriptions	Do not publish the page until all discrepancies are corrected
Before Sales Begin	Quality-control staff	Business notification, certificate of conformity, inspection records, markings, and inventory identity	Stop shipments until final compliance confirmation is complete
When Specifications Change	Manufacturer, registered conformity assessment body, and regulatory-affairs staff	Changes to materials, circuits, safety-critical parts, manufacturing facility, and model	Do not automatically reuse an existing certificate; confirm whether reassessment or retesting is required
When an Accident or Complaint Occurs	Purchaser, manufacturer, and relevant authority	Accident details, model, serial number, sales date, injury, and affected lot	Consider sales suspension, evidence preservation, reporting, and recall
During an Administrative Inquiry	Government officials and relevant specialists	Business notification, testing, inspection, sales records, and response history	Organize the facts chronologically and respond without delay

When to Consult Experts

• When it is unclear whether a product or accessory falls within a statutory product category
• When the statutory product category or required PSE Mark cannot be determined
• When it cannot be determined whether an overseas test report satisfies the current Japanese technical standards
• When conformity assessment for Specified Electrical Appliances and Materials is being arranged for the first time
• When the model or manufacturing facility identified in the certificate of conformity does not match the actual product
• When it is unclear whether an existing certificate remains applicable after a product change
• When products without the required PSE Mark or with incorrect markings have already been sold
• When smoke, fire, electric shock, battery rupture, or another serious accident occurs
• When the authorities request reports or documents, conduct an on-site inspection, or issue an improvement order
• When entering into an agreement to act as a Domestic Responsible Person for an overseas business
• When deciding how to suspend sales, conduct a recall, accept returns, dispose of products, or compensate consumers

Possible consultation contacts include the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, the relevant Regional Bureau of Economy, Trade and Industry, registered conformity assessment bodies, product-safety testing organizations, lawyers familiar with the Electrical Appliances and Materials Safety Act, and other specialists.

Summary

The PSE Mark is a statutory safety label displayed by a Notified Business Operator that has fulfilled the obligations under the Electrical Appliances and Materials Safety Act, including business notification, confirmation of conformity to technical standards, self-inspection, any required conformity assessment, retention of inspection records, and marking.

The Diamond PSE Mark applies to 116 categories of Specified Electrical Appliances and Materials. The Round PSE Mark applies to 341 categories of Electrical Appliances and Materials Other than Specified Electrical Appliances and Materials.

For Specified Electrical Appliances and Materials, conformity assessment by a registered conformity assessment body and retention of the certificate of conformity are required. Products bearing the Round PSE Mark also require conformity to technical standards, self-inspection, retention of inspection records, and correct marking.

In import-sales practice, the main product, AC adapter, charger, power cord, plug, and lithium-ion rechargeable battery must be assessed individually. Even if the main product is outside the PSE system, an accessory may be regulated.

From December 25, 2025 onward, where an overseas business sells a PSE-regulated product directly to consumers in Japan, the Specified Import Business Operator and Domestic Responsible Person requirements may apply.

An Import Permit, CE mark, UL certification, overseas manufacturer's safety statement, or image of a PSE Mark on a product does not by itself establish lawful eligibility for sale in Japan.

Freight forwarders and customs brokers are generally not responsible for making the final determination of PSE applicability or conformity to technical standards. However, where the system may apply, they should prompt the importer to verify the requirements and coordinate inspection, marking, storage, and the sales schedule within the scope of their assigned work.

Violations may result in sales suspension, an improvement order, prohibition of marking, a Hazard Prevention Order, product recall, publication of violation information, or criminal penalties.

PSE requirements should therefore be confirmed during product planning and before ordering, rather than after shipment, customs clearance, or immediately before sale. The assessment must cover both the main product and every included accessory.

This article provides a general explanation of the Electrical Appliances and Materials Safety Act and related import-sales practices. It does not guarantee the legal conformity or sales eligibility of any individual product. For an actual product, the latest laws, technical standards, official materials, product specifications, and guidance from the relevant authorities must be confirmed.