UN Number — Identification and Verification in Dangerous Goods Transport
Interlink編集部What Is a UN Number?
A UN number is a four-digit international identifier assigned to dangerous goods for transport identification purposes.
Also called a United Nations number, the UN number is used together with the proper shipping name, hazard class, packing group, packing standards, labels, and dangerous goods declarations in dangerous goods transport.
In freight forwarder operations, the UN number serves as the central reference for dangerous goods handling. When receiving an SDS or dangerous goods declaration from the shipper, the UN number is checked first, then the corresponding proper shipping name, hazard class, packing group, transport conditions, and acceptance by shipping lines and airlines are confirmed.
However, the UN number is only the initial identification data for dangerous goods and does not solely determine transport eligibility. Actual handling conditions vary based on quantity, packaging characteristics, packing method, transport mode, and acceptance conditions.
Scope Covered in This Article
| Item | Content Covered in This Article | Content Covered in Other Articles |
|---|---|---|
| Basics of the UN Number | Clarifies the role of the four-digit UN number as an identifier for dangerous goods in transport. | Detailed coverage of the overall United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods is found in the UN Model Regulations and respective transport regulations articles. |
| Relationship with Proper Shipping Name | Addresses the practical process of confirming the UN number together with the Proper Shipping Name. | Detailed classification decisions for each Proper Shipping Name are covered in the IMDG Code and IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations articles. |
| Differences from Invoice Descriptions | Explains distinctions between product names, trade names, generic names, and the official Proper Shipping Name under transport regulations. | Details on invoice preparation and customs description names are covered in the Customs Documentation article. |
| Relationship with the SDS | Covers confirmation of the UN number, hazard class, packaging group, and marine pollutant status listed in Section 14 of the SDS. | Comprehensive guidance on reading the full SDS is covered in the SDS article. |
| Cross-checking with the Dangerous Goods Declaration | Addresses reconciling UN numbers across SDS, dangerous goods declarations, actual cargo labels, invoices, and packing lists. | Formats and examples of dangerous goods declarations are covered in the Dangerous Goods Declaration article. |
| Differences Between Maritime and Air Transport | Explains how the same UN number has differing verification points and conditions under the IMDG Code and IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations. | Detailed coverage of maritime and air dangerous goods is provided in the IMDG Code and IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations articles respectively. |
| Conditional Variations | Deals with changes in handling depending on quantity, concentration, packaging form, container type, transport mode, and carrier conditions. | Packaging standards and quantity restrictions for individual cargo require confirmation under the latest regulations and carrier conditions. |
| Handling Practical Issues | Handles responses to discrepancies in UN numbers or names between SDS and declarations, inconsistencies with cargo markings, and late pre-declaration. | Issues related to post-incident cost allocation, claims, and delays are covered in the Cargo Accidents and Cost Allocation article. |
Basic Role of the UN Number
The UN number is an international identifier assigned to dangerous goods.
Since the same chemical or product may have different names depending on the country or language, using the UN number helps shippers, freight forwarders, carriers, airlines, warehouses, CFS, customs brokers, and other stakeholders recognize and handle the cargo consistently as the same dangerous good.
For example, even if the invoice describes items generically as "paint," "adhesive," "cleaner," or "fragrance," they must be classified as dangerous goods for transportation purposes based on the UN number and the proper shipping name.
| Item to Check | Role | Practical Notes | Reference Documents |
|---|---|---|---|
| UN Number | A four-digit number used to identify dangerous goods for transport. | Serves as the starting point for dangerous goods identification, but alone does not determine transport conditions. | SDS, Dangerous Goods Declaration, Cargo Markings |
| Proper Shipping Name | The standardized name used in transport regulations to describe the dangerous good. | May differ from the commercial or invoice description. | SDS Section 14, Dangerous Goods Declaration |
| Dangerous Goods Class | Indicates the primary hazard, such as explosive, gas, flammable, corrosive, toxic, etc. | Affects labeling, stowage, segregation, and acceptance criteria. | SDS, Dangerous Goods Declaration, Transport Regulations |
| Packaging Group | Classification related to the degree of hazard and packaging requirements for the cargo. | Important for confirming packaging standards and quantity limitations. | SDS, Dangerous Goods Declaration, Packaging Information |
| Subsidiary Risk | Additional hazards present alongside the primary hazard. | Impacts labeling, segregation, and compatibility for mixed loading. | SDS, Dangerous Goods Declaration, Shipping Line/Airline Responses |
Relationship Between UN Number and Proper Shipping Name
The UN number is used together with the proper shipping name.
The proper shipping name is the standardized name that represents the cargo for dangerous goods transport purposes. It may differ from the commercial name, product name, internal product code, or generic name shown on the invoice.
The UN number alone may not provide sufficient detail about the specific form or condition of the cargo. Transport verification advances only when combined with the proper shipping name, hazard class, packing group, quantity, and packaging configuration.
| Category | Example | Practical Interpretation | Notes for Verification |
|---|---|---|---|
| Product Name / Sales Name | Examples include cleaner, adhesive, paint, fragrance, detergent. | This is the commercial or trade name and may not correspond to the official dangerous goods name. | Do not judge dangerous goods classification based solely on the invoice product name. |
| Proper Shipping Name | The standardized name under dangerous goods transportation regulations. | Serves as essential information used in dangerous goods declarations and transport documents. | Should be checked together with the UN number. |
| UN Number | A four-digit number identifying the dangerous goods. | Must be confirmed in combination with the proper shipping name, hazard class, packing group, and packaging conditions. | Do not decide transport eligibility based on the number alone. |
| N.O.S. Name | Used for dangerous goods that do not fit into a specific generic name category. | May require supplemental information such as component names or technical terms. | Cross-check with dangerous goods declarations, SDS, and manufacturer documentation. |
Freight forwarders should not rely solely on invoice product names to determine if cargo is dangerous goods. They must review the transport information section of the SDS, dangerous goods declarations, and actual cargo labels to ensure the UN number and proper shipping name correspond correctly.
When the Official Shipping Name and Invoice Item Name Do Not Match
It is not uncommon for the official shipping name and the invoice item name to differ. The issue arises when arrangements proceed without verifying whether the discrepancy is merely a difference in commercial product names or due to a different product’s SDS or incorrect dangerous goods classification.
| Step | What to Confirm | Action Direction | Who to Confirm With |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Confirm the Invoice Item Name | Check the product name, model number, item number, intended use, and manufacturer name. | Identify the applicable cargo. | Shipper, exporter, manufacturer |
| 2. Check the Product Name on the SDS | Verify the product name, company name, and revision date listed on the SDS. | Confirm whether the SDS corresponds to the cargo described on the invoice. | Shipper, manufacturer |
| 3. Review Section 14 of the SDS | Confirm the UN number, official shipping name, hazard class, and packaging group. | Verify the dangerous goods classification for transport. | Shipper, manufacturer, dangerous goods specialist |
| 4. Check the Dangerous Goods Declaration | Confirm the UN number, official shipping name, quantity, and packaging on the declaration form. | Verify it matches Section 14 of the SDS. | Shipper, dangerous goods declarant |
| 5. Confirm with Shipper or Manufacturer | Check discrepancies in product name, alternate names, model numbers, composition, and intended use. | Ensure it is the same product and that the official shipping name is correct. | Shipper, manufacturer |
| 6. Verify Acceptance Conditions | Confirm acceptance with the shipping line, airline, CFS, and warehouse. | Proceed using the correct UN number and official shipping name. | Shipping line, airline, CFS, warehouse |
If the product names do not match, it is important not to force the documents to conform but rather to confirm the applicable product and transport classification before proceeding.
Relationship Between UN Number, Hazard Class, and Subsidiary Risks
The UN number is closely related to the hazard class. However, simply looking at the UN number does not automatically reveal all details such as primary hazard, subsidiary risks, packaging group, or packing requirements.
Dangerous goods may have subsidiary risks in addition to the primary hazard. For example, cargo with flammability as the primary hazard but also possessing subsidiary hazards such as toxicity or corrosiveness requires more complex handling regarding labels, segregation, stowage, and acceptance checks.
| Check Item | Meaning | Practical Impact | Reference Documents |
|---|---|---|---|
| Primary Hazard | The main hazard classification of the cargo. | Relates to primary labels, stowage, and basic acceptance criteria. | SDS, Dangerous Goods Declaration, Transport Regulations |
| Subsidiary Risk | Additional hazards present besides the primary hazard. | Impacts additional labeling, segregation requirements, and compatibility for mixed loading. | SDS, Dangerous Goods Declaration, Shipping Line or Airline Response |
| Packaging Group | When applicable, a classification relating to the degree of hazard and packing conditions. | Affects packing standards, quantity limits, and confirmation with shipping lines or airlines. | SDS, Dangerous Goods Declaration, Packing Documentation |
| Marine Pollutant | The applicability concerning environmental hazard during maritime transport. | Involves marine pollutant marks, declaration, and shipping line confirmation. | SDS, Dangerous Goods Declaration, Outer Package Markings |
Freight forwarders should confirm not only the UN number but also the set of primary hazard, subsidiary risks, packaging group, and marine pollutant status together.
Cases Where Conditions Diverge Despite the Same UN Number
Even when the same UN number is confirmed, the actual handling conditions may vary depending on quantity, packaging, concentration, packaging configuration, transport mode, and other factors.
| Diverging Factor | Potential Outcome | Points to Confirm | Recommended Action |
|---|---|---|---|
| Quantity | Could be treated as a limited quantity, subject to restricted quantities, dangerous goods declaration requirements, or changes in acceptance conditions. | Check the quantity per container, total quantity, and packing unit. | When quantity changes, reconfirm the dangerous goods declaration and acceptance conditions. |
| Container / Packaging | Packing standards may differ for bottles, cans, drums, cartons, aerosols, etc. | Confirm inner packaging, outer packaging, UN container certification, and label markings. | When packaging type changes, review the SDS and dangerous goods declaration again. |
| Concentration / Composition | Classification may change due to variations in concentration or composition, even with the same product name. | Check the SDS’s ingredient details, revision date, and dangerous goods classification references. | Do not rely on past shipping records; always obtain the latest SDS version. |
| Subsidiary Hazards | Main hazard alone may be insufficient to determine segregation or labeling requirements. | Confirm hazard classes, subsidiary risks, and required labels. | Reconfirm compatibility for consolidation, stowage, and labeling. |
| Marine Pollutant Status | Additional markings or declarations may be required for sea transport. | Verify SDS, dangerous goods declaration, and outer packaging markings. | Confirm Marine Pollutant labeling and declaration requirements. |
| Differences Between Marine and Air Transport | Cargo accepted by sea may be rejected or subject to restrictions by air. | Check separately under the IMDG Code and IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations. | Reconfirm when changing transport mode. |
| Carrier- or Airline-Specific Conditions | Even if regulations allow, carriers may refuse acceptance. | Confirm conditions with shipping lines, airlines, courier companies, CFS, and warehouses. | Verify acceptance before quotation and booking. |
Even with the same UN number, it is not guaranteed that shipments can proceed under the same conditions as before. Changes in quantity, packaging, transport mode, or acceptance conditions require thorough reconfirmation.
Relationship with SDS
The transport information section of the SDS may include the UN number, proper shipping name, hazard class, packing group, and marine pollutant status.
For dangerous goods transport, this section of the SDS is an important reference for verification. However, the absence of a UN number in the SDS does not always mean the cargo is non-dangerous.
| SDS Status | Points to Note | Recommended Actions | Parties to Confirm With |
|---|---|---|---|
| SDS includes a UN number | High likelihood the cargo qualifies as dangerous goods, but transport eligibility is not guaranteed. | Confirm the proper shipping name, hazard class, packing group, and mode-specific transport conditions. | Shipper, manufacturer, shipping line, airline |
| SDS does not include a UN number | The cargo may be non-dangerous, but the transport information section might be incomplete. | Check the latest SDS version, manufacturer’s confirmation documents, and certificates of non-dangerous goods. | Shipper, manufacturer, dangerous goods specialists |
| SDS is outdated | Classification, composition, regulations, and transport information may differ from current handling requirements. | Obtain the latest version and confirm the revision date and Section 14 details. | Shipper, manufacturer |
| SDS conflicts with actual cargo labeling | Could indicate a different product, outdated label, or an incorrect SDS. | Verify cargo photos, labels, model numbers, and confirm with the manufacturer. | Shipper, warehouse, manufacturer |
| UN number on SDS differs from the dangerous goods declaration | Dangerous goods classification cannot be finalized, delaying acceptance confirmation. | Confirm with the shipper and manufacturer to resolve and finalize the correct UN number. | Shipper, manufacturer, dangerous goods declarant |
Relation to the Dangerous Goods Declaration
The dangerous goods declaration includes the UN number, proper shipping name, hazard class, packaging group, quantity, packaging, emergency contact information, and other details.
Freight forwarders must verify that the UN number listed on the dangerous goods declaration is consistent with the information in the SDS, invoice, packing list, and actual cargo labeling.
| Item to Cross-Check | What to Verify | If Discrepancies Are Found | Contact For Confirmation |
|---|---|---|---|
| SDS | Verify UN number, proper shipping name, hazard class, and packaging group. | Confirm with shipper or manufacturer which information is accurate between the SDS and declaration. | Shipper, manufacturer, dangerous goods declarant |
| Invoice | Check product name, model number, quantity, and manufacturer. | Confirm that the product matches the SDS. | Shipper, exporter, manufacturer |
| Packing List | Confirm quantity, packaging type, containers, outer packaging, and weight. | Ensure these details align with the quantities and packaging specified on the dangerous goods declaration. | Shipper, warehouse, packer |
| Actual Cargo Labeling and Outer Packaging | Check UN number, dangerous goods labels, GHS markings, and case marks. | Confirm consistency between the documents and physical markings. | Shipper, warehouse, delivery company |
| Non-Dangerous Goods Certificate | Verify the basis for designating the cargo as non-dangerous goods. | Confirm there is no conflict with the SDS or physical markings. | Shipper, manufacturer |
Incorrect UN numbers can lead to shipping line or airline refusal of carriage, refusal of CY in-gate, shipping delays, and improper segregation or stowage arrangements.
Differences in Checks Between Maritime and Air Transport
The UN number serves as the initial reference point for identifying dangerous goods in both maritime and air transport. However, even for the same UN number, requirements for verification, packaging, quantity limitations, and acceptance may differ between sea and air transportation.
| Check Item | Maritime Transport | Air Transport | Practical Notes for Freight Forwarders |
|---|---|---|---|
| Governing Regulation | Check the IMDG Code. | Check the IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations. | When the mode of transport changes, re-verify the applicable conditions. |
| Verification Parties | Shipping lines, NVOCCs, CFS, dangerous goods warehouses, and trucking companies. | Airlines, courier companies, airport cargo terminals, and specialized dangerous goods handlers. | Although regulations may allow acceptance, actual acceptance conditions vary by carrier and facility. |
| Packaging and Labeling | Confirm outer packaging labels, UN number markings, container placards, and marine pollutant markings. | Confirm air dangerous goods labels, packaging standards, quantity limits, passenger aircraft acceptance, and cargo-only aircraft conditions. | Do not directly apply maritime packaging or markings to air shipments without adjustment. |
| Segregation and Consolidation | Considerations include LCL consolidation, CFS storage, container stowage, and segregation requirements. | Acceptance conditions from the airline, flight and aircraft type, passenger versus cargo aircraft distinctions. | Operational restrictions may differ even for the same UN number. |
| Lead Time | Dangerous goods approval, CFS in-gate deadlines, and shipping line confirmations may require significant time. | Advance airline approval, document screening, and terminal in-gate procedures can be time-consuming. | Confirm the UN number, hazard class, quantity, and cargo configuration from the quotation stage onward. |
| Practical Considerations | Even if the shipping line accepts the cargo, it may be stopped at the CFS or transshipment port. | Acceptance may be denied by the airline or courier company despite regulatory compliance. | Separate confirmation of carrier policies and facility requirements is advised. |
Freight forwarders should first confirm the UN number and then conduct transport-mode specific checks according to the IMDG Code for maritime shipments and the IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations for air shipments.
How UN Numbers Differ for Lithium Battery Shipments
Lithium battery cargo is a prime example for understanding the relationship between UN numbers and cargo form.
Even within lithium battery-related shipments, UN numbers and transport conditions change depending on the battery type, whether the battery is standalone, packed with equipment, or installed in equipment.
| Category | Typical UN Number | Practical Checks | Points to Note |
|---|---|---|---|
| Standalone lithium-ion batteries | UN3480 | Check watt-hour rating, quantity, packaging, eligibility for air transport, and airline acceptance conditions. | Since treated as standalone batteries, confirm acceptance conditions carefully. |
| Lithium-ion batteries packed with or installed in equipment | UN3481 | Confirm relationship with equipment, whether packed with or installed in equipment, quantity, labeling, and documentation requirements. | Avoid confusing packed-with and installed-in types. |
| Standalone lithium metal batteries | UN3090 | Check lithium content, quantity, packaging, and acceptance eligibility. | Exercise particular caution regarding acceptance for air transport. |
| Lithium metal batteries packed with or installed in equipment | UN3091 | Confirm relationship with equipment, battery quantity, packaging, and labeling requirements. | Verify using product specifications and battery documentation. |
Thus, the UN number is not just a number but is linked to cargo type, form, packaging, quantity, and mode of transport. Especially for air transport, even with the correct UN number known, separate confirmation of acceptance eligibility and packaging conditions is essential.
How to Understand UN Number Ranges
A UN number consists of four digits, and certain number ranges tend to correspond to general hazard categories.
For example, explosives, gases, flammable liquids, corrosive substances, toxic materials, and lithium battery-related cargo often appear within specific ranges of UN numbers.
However, hazard class and transport conditions must never be determined based solely on the number range. In practice, the SDS, dangerous goods declaration, proper shipping name, hazard class, packaging group, and transport regulations must always be confirmed.
| Perspective | Practical Use | Notes | Documents to Confirm |
|---|---|---|---|
| Check number range trends | Serves as supplementary information to estimate the general hazard category. | Do not arrange transport based on estimation alone. | SDS, dangerous goods declaration, transport regulations |
| Match with proper shipping name | Verify that the UN number correctly corresponds with the proper shipping name. | Do not judge based on invoice product name alone. | Section 14 of SDS, dangerous goods declaration |
| Match with hazard class | Confirm primary and subsidiary hazards as well as labeling requirements. | Number range and hazard class may not always align. | SDS, dangerous goods declaration, exterior labels |
| Check by transport mode | Treat maritime and air transport requirements separately. | The same UN number may have stricter restrictions under air transport. | IMDG Code, IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations, carrier conditions |
Confirmation Flow in Freight Forwarder Operations
For cargo with a UN number, the following sequence of checks is performed.
| Step | What to Check | Purpose of Check | Common Sticking Points |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Check the SDS | Verify the transport information in Section 14, the UN number, and the proper shipping name. | Confirm whether the cargo qualifies as dangerous goods. | The SDS may be outdated, incomplete, or refer to a different product. |
| 2. Check the Dangerous Goods Declaration | Verify the UN number, proper shipping name, class, packing group, and quantity. | Confirm consistency with the SDS. | UN numbers or quantities may not match those in the SDS. |
| 3. Check the Invoice and Packing List | Confirm cargo description, quantity, packaging type, weight, and container type. | Verify that the declared details match the actual cargo. | Commercial product names may differ from proper shipping names. |
| 4. Check Labels and External Markings | Confirm the UN number, dangerous goods labels, GHS markings, and case marks on the actual cargo. | Ensure physical markings correspond with the documentation. | Physical markings and documentation may conflict. |
| 5. Check by Mode of Transport | Review the IMDG Code, IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations, and carrier conditions. | Confirm transport conditions separately for sea and air shipments. | Cargo permitted for sea transport may be restricted or prohibited by air carriers. |
| 6. Confirm Acceptance Feasibility | Check with shipping lines, airlines, CFS, warehouses, and courier companies. | Verify whether acceptance is possible in practice, even if regulations allow it. | Carriers or facilities may have additional conditions causing rejection. |
| 7. Prepare Labels and Documentation | Confirm dangerous goods declarations, labels, placards, and non-dangerous goods certificates as applicable. | Prevent cargo rejection at in-gate, refused acceptance, or shipping and loading delays. | Labeling or documentation deficiencies may be discovered on the day of cargo arrival. |
Comparison Table of Freight Forwarder Involvement
| Category | Recommended Support Actions | Actions to Avoid | Practical Handling |
|---|---|---|---|
| When Receiving an SDS | Check the UN number, proper shipping name, hazard class, and packaging group listed in Section 14. | Do not assume transport eligibility solely based on the UN number appearing in the SDS. | Cross-check with the dangerous goods declaration, actual cargo labels, and transport mode requirements. |
| When Only the UN Number Is Provided by the Shipper | Request supporting documents such as the SDS and dangerous goods declaration. | Do not finalize quotations or booking conditions based only on the UN number. | Confirm the proper shipping name, hazard class, quantity, and packaging. |
| When Invoice Description Differs from Proper Shipping Name | Verify the cargo, model number, SDS, and manufacturer documents. | Do not immediately judge the difference as an error, nor ignore the discrepancy. | Clarify the relationship between commercial product names and transport proper shipping names. |
| When Receiving a Dangerous Goods Declaration | Verify consistency with SDS, invoice, packing list, and actual cargo markings. | Do not assume that submission of the declaration means no further verification is needed. | Cross-check the UN number, proper shipping name, quantity, and packaging. |
| When Arranging Maritime Transport | Confirm requirements of the IMDG Code, shipping line, CFS, and dangerous goods warehouse. | Do not assume shipment is possible solely because the UN number has been confirmed. | Confirm CFS acceptance, mixed cargo eligibility, and transshipment port restrictions. |
| When Arranging Air Transport | Confirm conditions under the IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations, airlines, and courier companies. | Do not assume air transport acceptance simply because sea transport was accepted. | Confirm packaging standards, quantity limits, and passenger aircraft loading eligibility. |
| When Handling Lithium Battery Cargo | Confirm one of UN3480, UN3481, UN3090, or UN3091, along with battery form. | Do not decide handling based only on a general statement of “contains batteries.” | Check battery type, watt-hour rating, lithium content, and whether batteries are contained-in or installed. |
| When Contradictions Exist Between Documents and Actual Cargo | Organize discrepancies and confirm with the shipper and manufacturer. | Do not submit documents with unresolved contradictions to shipping or airline companies. | Finalize classification and transport conditions before proceeding with arrangements. |
Common Practical Issues
| Case | Issue | Documents / Parties to Check | Recommended Approach |
|---|---|---|---|
| UN numbers on SDS and dangerous goods declaration do not match | The dangerous goods classification cannot be finalized, preventing the shipping line or airline from deciding acceptance. | SDS, dangerous goods declaration, manufacturer confirmation | Confirm with the shipper or manufacturer to establish the correct UN number and official proper shipping name. |
| Arranging shipment using only the invoice description as non-dangerous cargo | The cargo may actually qualify as dangerous goods. | Invoice, SDS, physical labels, composition information | Verify the SDS, physical labels, chemical composition, and intended use. |
| UN number is known, but proper shipping name or class is not confirmed | Transport conditions and required labels cannot be determined. | SDS, dangerous goods declaration, transport regulations | Confirm the proper shipping name, hazard class, and packaging group. |
| Confusing maritime and air transport requirements | Cargo acceptable by sea may be rejected for air transport. | IMDG Code, IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations, carrier response | Verify requirements separately for each transport mode. |
| Physical labels indicate hazards but documentation shows non-dangerous goods | The SDS may be outdated, apply to another product, or there may be inconsistencies between the cargo markings and documentation. | Photos of cargo, labels, SDS, manufacturer confirmation letters | Cross-check physical labels with the SDS and re-evaluate if necessary. |
| Overlooking segregation requirements in consolidated cargo | Hazard classes and subsidiary risks based on UN numbers may not have been confirmed. | Dangerous goods class, subsidiary hazards, CFS response | Check for CFS consolidation approval, segregation requirements, and shipping line conditions. |
| Late advance notification of dangerous goods to shipping line or airline | Approval may be delayed, causing shipment or loading delays. | SDS, dangerous goods declaration, carrier response | Submit UN number, class, quantity, and packaging details at the quotation and booking stage. |
| Relying only on past shipments with the same UN number | Conditions such as quantity, packaging, or transport mode changes may alter acceptance criteria. | Latest SDS, current packing list, physical labels, carrier conditions | Use past cases as reference but reconfirm based on current shipment details. |
Four-Column Verification Checklist
| Verification Situation | Party to Verify | Items to Confirm | Actions if Issues Are Found |
|---|---|---|---|
| When receiving the UN number | Shipper / Manufacturer | Confirm the SDS, dangerous goods declaration, proper shipping name, and hazard class. | Do not finalize arrangements based only on the UN number; request supporting documentation. |
| When checking Section 14 of the SDS | Shipper / Manufacturer / Dangerous Goods Specialist | Confirm the UN number, proper shipping name, class, packaging group, and marine pollutant status. | If fields are blank or unclear, request a manufacturer’s confirmation letter or dangerous goods classification documentation. |
| When receiving a dangerous goods declaration | Shipper / Declarant | Verify consistency with the SDS, invoice, packing list, and actual cargo labels. | If the UN number or proper shipping name differs, correct before submission. |
| When invoice item name differs from the proper shipping name | Shipper / Manufacturer | Check product name, model number, usage, product name on the SDS, and proper shipping name. | Confirm if it is the same product and obtain the correct SDS if necessary. |
| When arranging maritime transport | Shipping line / NVOCC / CFS / Warehouse | Check IMDG Code handling, CFS acceptance, consolidated cargo allowance, and marine pollutant status. | If acceptance is denied, consider an alternative CFS, dangerous goods warehouse, FCL shipment, or next vessel. |
| When arranging air transport | Airline / Courier / Air Freight Agent | Confirm IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations handling, packaging standards, quantity limits, and passenger aircraft carriage eligibility. | If acceptance is refused, consider sea transport, alternate flight, cargo aircraft, or different airline. |
| When handling lithium battery cargo | Shipper / Manufacturer / Airline | Verify distinctions among UN3480, UN3481, UN3090, and UN3091, battery type, capacity, and form. | If unclear, do not treat as regular cargo; request battery data sheets or product specifications. |
| When actual markings do not match documentation | Shipper / Manufacturer / Warehouse | Check actual cargo labels, UN number, GHS markings, SDS, and dangerous goods declaration. | Hold in-gate, loading, and shipment; revise documents or conduct reclassification. |
Example 1: Case Where the UN Number on the SDS Differs from the Dangerous Goods Declaration
A case where the shipper submitted both the SDS and the dangerous goods declaration, but the UN number in Section 14 of the SDS does not match the UN number on the dangerous goods declaration.
If submitted to shipping lines or airlines in this condition, it could raise concerns about a different product’s SDS, an outdated SDS, errors in preparing the dangerous goods declaration, or classification mistakes, potentially halting acceptance confirmation.
The freight forwarder should verify with the shipper or manufacturer to confirm the correct product, the latest SDS, accurate UN number, official proper shipping name, hazard class, and packaging group.
After corrections, the SDS, dangerous goods declaration, invoice, packing list, and actual cargo labels should be cross-checked again before confirming with shipping lines, airlines, CFS, and warehouses.
Specific Example 2: Case Where the Invoice Item Name Is a Generic Term and UN Number Confirmation Was Overlooked
The invoice item was listed simply as "detergent" or "cleaner," and preparations were being made to handle it as regular cargo.
However, upon reviewing the SDS, the transport information section included a UN number, proper shipping name, and hazard class. In such cases, even if the invoice item name is generic, it is necessary to verify whether the cargo is classified as dangerous goods for transport purposes.
The freight forwarder should cross-check the invoice item name, product name on the SDS, actual cargo labels, and dangerous goods declaration to confirm these all refer to the same cargo.
After this confirmation, for maritime transport, the IMDG Code and shipping line or CFS requirements should be checked; for air transport, the IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations and airline conditions must be verified.
Example 3: Case Where Cargo with the Same UN Number Was Rejected for Air Transport
This case involves cargo with a UN number previously accepted for sea transport, where the shipper requested a switch to air transport to shorten the delivery time.
Even with the same UN number, air transport may raise issues with packaging standards, quantity limits, passenger aircraft carriage eligibility, cargo-only aircraft conditions, and airline-specific restrictions.
The freight forwarder checks the SDS, dangerous goods declaration, quantity, packaging type, and packaging conditions, then asks the airline or its agent whether the cargo can be accepted.
If air transport is not available, the forwarder presents the shipper with alternatives such as continuing sea transport, using cargo-only flights, switching to a different airline, splitting the shipment quantity, or postponing shipment.
Example 4: Case Where the UN Number for a Product Containing Lithium Batteries Cannot Be Identified
A freight forwarder received a quotation request from a shipper with the description only stating "product containing lithium batteries," but the UN number was unknown.
This description alone does not clarify whether it is a lithium-ion battery or a lithium metal battery, whether the battery is standalone, packed with equipment, or embedded in equipment, nor whether it corresponds to UN3480, UN3481, UN3090, or UN3091.
The freight forwarder should verify the product specification sheet, battery specification sheet, watt-hour rating (Wh), lithium content, quantity, packaging condition, and whether the battery is packed with equipment or embedded.
If the shipment proceeds as regular cargo before this verification, it could be stopped during checks by airlines or shipping lines. For lithium battery cargo, it is crucial to always confirm the UN number along with the cargo form together.
Points to Confirm with the Shipper
Even when the shipper provides a UN number, do not proceed with arrangements based solely on that number. Verify the supporting documents and the actual nature of the cargo.
- Is the latest version of the SDS available?
- Does Section 14 of the SDS state the UN number?
- Is the official proper shipping name confirmed?
- Are the hazard class and subsidiary risks identified?
- Is the cargo subject to packaging group requirements?
- Is the cargo classified as a marine pollutant?
- Do the UN numbers on the dangerous goods declaration and SDS match?
- Are the invoice descriptions, actual cargo labels, and outer packaging markings consistent?
- Are there differences in transport conditions between maritime and air shipments?
- If the cargo is not classified as dangerous goods, is there supporting documentation for this?
- Can the shipping line, airline, CFS, and warehouse accept the cargo?
Common Misconceptions
| Misconception | Practical Consideration | What Should Be Checked |
|---|---|---|
| Knowing the UN number alone determines transport eligibility | The UN number is initial information; formal shipping name, class, quantity, packaging, and transport mode must be verified. | Check the SDS, dangerous goods declaration, and carrier requirements. |
| Only the UN number is needed, and the formal shipping name is unnecessary | For dangerous goods transport, the UN number and formal shipping name are confirmed together. | Review Section 14 of the SDS and the dangerous goods declaration. |
| If the invoice item name differs from the formal shipping name, the documents are incorrect | It is common for the product name and the formal shipping name to differ. | Cross-check the relevant product, SDS, model number, and manufacturer confirmation. |
| If the UN number is the same as before, the cargo can be transported under the same conditions | Handling may change if quantity, packaging, concentration, transport mode, or carrier conditions differ. | Verify current quantity, packaging, transport mode, and acceptance conditions. |
| If the SDS does not show a UN number, the cargo is not dangerous goods | The SDS may be outdated, have incomplete transport information, or relate to a different product. | Confirm the latest SDS, manufacturer’s confirmation, and non-dangerous goods certificates. |
| If a UN number is accepted for maritime transport, it is automatically accepted for air transport | Even with the same UN number, packaging standards, quantity limits, and loading conditions differ for air transport. | Check the IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations and airline conditions. |
| By looking at the UN number range, you can determine the dangerous goods class | Number ranges provide supplementary guidance only; class and conditions should never be judged solely by number range. | Consult the SDS, dangerous goods declaration, and transport regulations. |
| If a dangerous goods declaration exists, cross-checking with the SDS is unnecessary | If the declaration and SDS do not match, shipment will be halted at shipping line or airline confirmation. | Cross-reference UN number, formal shipping name, class, quantity, and packaging. |
Points Freight Forwarders Should Note
The UN number is one of the first pieces of information freight forwarders should verify when handling dangerous goods shipments.
- The UN number should be confirmed from both the SDS and the dangerous goods declaration.
- Check the UN number together with the proper shipping name, hazard class, and packaging group as a set.
- Also confirm subsidiary risks and whether the cargo is classified as a marine pollutant.
- Do not determine dangerous goods classification based solely on product names or common names.
- Assume that conditions may vary even for the same UN number depending on quantity, packaging, and mode of transport.
- Confirm differences in conditions between maritime and air transport.
- If there is any uncertainty, consult the shipper, manufacturer, shipping line, airline, or dangerous goods specialists in advance.
Summary
The UN number is a four-digit international code assigned to identify dangerous goods during transport.
In dangerous goods shipping, the UN number is an important initial reference, but it alone does not determine transport eligibility. It must be checked together with the proper shipping name, hazard class, subsidiary risks, packaging group, quantity, packaging type, mode of transport, and carriage conditions.
It is especially important to confirm whether the UN numbers on the SDS and dangerous goods declaration match, to clarify the relationship between the invoice description and the proper shipping name, and to ensure that conditions do not conflict between maritime and air transport.
The UN number serves as a common language for dangerous goods transport. Verifying the correct UN number and organizing the proper shipping name, hazard class, packaging group, packaging, labeling, dangerous goods declaration, and carrier or airline acceptance conditions support safe transport arrangements.
The key point of this article is to treat the UN number not just as a four-digit code but as a practical reference connecting the SDS, proper shipping name, hazard class, packaging group, dangerous goods declaration, IMDG Code, and IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations.
